Kilimanjaro Altitude – Elevation, Zones

Mount Kilimanjaro Altitude – Elevation, Zones, and Acclimatization

Mount Kilimanjaro stands at a staggering altitude of 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level, making it the tallest free-standing mountain in the world and the highest peak in Africa. Its dramatic elevation gain—from the base to the summit—makes altitude a key factor when planning your Kilimanjaro climb. Understanding the effects of altitude, the mountain’s elevation zones, and how to prepare is essential for a safe and successful ascent.

Kilimanjaro Altitude Facts

• Summit (Uhuru Peak): 5,895 m / 19,341 ft
• Base Elevation (Moshi town): ~900 m / 2,950 ft
• Elevation Gain on Climb: Approximately 4,000–5,000 meters depending on the route
• Time Needed to Acclimatize: Ideally 7–9 days for safe and successful ascent
• Best Routes for Acclimatization: Northern Circuit, Lemosho, and Machame

Kilimanjaro’s Ecological & Altitude Zones

As you ascend Mount Kilimanjaro, you pass through five distinct climate and altitude zones, each with its own characteristics, terrain, and risks:

1. 1. Cultivation Zone (800–1,800 m): Fertile farmland and villages around Moshi and Arusha.
2. 2. Rainforest Zone (1,800–2,800 m): Dense, humid forest filled with monkeys, birds, and lush vegetation.
3. 3. Moorland Zone (2,800–4,000 m): Cooler, open landscape with unique plants like giant senecios.
4. 4. Alpine Desert Zone (4,000–5,000 m): Dry, rocky terrain with extreme temperature shifts and low oxygen levels.
5. 5. Arctic Zone (Above 5,000 m): Frigid, glacier-covered summit zone with little to no life — extreme cold, wind, and very thin air.

Altitude Sickness on Kilimanjaro

Altitude sickness, or Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), is one of the biggest challenges on Kilimanjaro. It occurs when your body fails to adjust to the decreasing oxygen levels as you ascend.

Common Symptoms of AMS:

• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue or shortness of breath
• Loss of appetite
• Difficulty sleeping

Severe Altitude Illness:

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) are life-threatening forms of altitude sickness. Immediate descent and medical treatment are required.

Tips to Prevent Altitude Sickness on Kilimanjaro

• Choose longer routes: Routes like the 8- or 9-day Northern Circuit give your body more time to adjust.
• Climb slowly: Follow the “pole pole” (slowly slowly) Swahili approach.
• Hydrate: Drink 3–4 liters of water daily to keep oxygen flowing.
• Eat well: Consume enough calories even if your appetite drops.
• Take acclimatization hikes: Climb high during the day, but sleep low.
• Consider medication: Consult your doctor about taking Diamox (acetazolamide).

Oxygen Levels by Altitude on Kilimanjaro

As you climb higher, the air becomes thinner and oxygen levels drop significantly:

Altitude	Oxygen % (Compared to Sea Level)
1,800 m (Rainforest Zone)	~82%
3,000 m (Moorland)	~70%
4,600 m (Lava Tower)	~58%
5,895 m (Uhuru Peak)	~49%

FAQs About Kilimanjaro Altitude

Is Kilimanjaro higher than Everest Base Camp?

Yes. Kilimanjaro’s summit (5,895 m) is higher than Everest Base Camp (5,364 m), although Everest itself is much taller (8,848 m).

Do you need oxygen to climb Kilimanjaro?

Supplemental oxygen is not required for Kilimanjaro, but reputable operators carry oxygen tanks and pulse oximeters for emergencies and safety checks.

What is the death zone on Kilimanjaro?

Kilimanjaro does not have a “death zone” like Everest (above 8,000 m), but its summit altitude still poses serious risks for altitude sickness.

How long should I spend acclimatizing?

At least 7 to 9 days is recommended. Shorter treks increase the risk of altitude sickness and reduce summit success chances.

Conclusion

Mount Kilimanjaro’s altitude makes it a true physical and mental challenge. With the summit towering at 5,895 meters, success depends heavily on proper acclimatization, slow ascent, and choosing the right route. Whether you’re a first-time trekker or an experienced climber, understanding Kilimanjaro’s elevation and how it impacts your body is key to reaching the Roof of Africa safely and successfully.